Forum Topic

Norway's economic success is due to a large number of factors. Their oil and gas reserves and the careful way they have developed them over the past 40 years is undoubtably one of them. Norway has been able to develop its oil and gas reserves in its own way using its own rules, laws and regulations and independently of EU interference. As a result Norway now has a major oil company,  Statoil, which is active and strong internationally, and numerous Norwegian engineering and oil services companies who compete successfully internationally.Norway also has a very large shipping industry and still has a shipbuilding industry.Despite  Noway's membership of the European Economic Area, anyone with experience of doing business in Norway will tell you that the Norwegian market and companies are protected by the fact that Norway is not a member of the EU.Norway is also not bound by the terms of the EU's Common Fisheries and Agricultural policies. This means that the Norwegian fishing and agricultural sectors are protected against competition from EU countries. Norwegian control of its fisheries is particularly important.Norway has a good educational system and Norwegians are highly educated and this all contributes to the success of the Norwegian economy in sectors outside oil and gas.And of course Norway is not bound by all the EU's social and employment legislation and controls its own taxation, social welfare and immigration policies.But of course Norway has its own currency - the krone - which is independent of the euro. This means the currency has its own interests and exchange rates and that monetary policy and inflation is controlled from Oslo and not by the ECB in Frankfurt.Iceland is a different case. Iceland's problems were related to an boom that went bust (rather like but more serious than Ireland's) but Iceland has the advanatage over Ireland, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Italy in that as it is not part of the EU or the Eurozone, it can and has devalued its currency, defaulted on its debts and is now able to work and trade its way out of its very serious difficulties. Iceland despite its problems remains independent and does not have to accept orders from the EU, ECB, Paris or Berlin.

David Giles ● 5434d

I have read articles written by Roger Ford  when I used to subscribe to "Modern Railways" but I must admit I haven't read anything he hsa written recently. It is my understanding that he is a railway journalist rather than an economist and that he has been a long standing opponent of privatisation.I am sure that many of the major projects carried out after privatisation were proposed or planned by British Rail engineers prior to privatisation but the fact remains they were not implemented by British Rail. British Rail couldn't have implemented them beacuse British Rail depended on the Government and the taxpayers for funds and the funds were not available. In addition, British Rail lacked the expertise and organisation to implement many of the large projects that have been carried out in recent years. The privatised industry has been able to raise funds from many sources. Consequently there has been a huge investment in infrastructure and rolling stock that simply would not have been possible under the old nationalised set-up.The modernisation of the West Coast Main Line has been a major project which probably should have been carried out years before by British Rail but wasn't. Initial budgets for major projects such as this are difficult to estimate and are often deliberately minimised for political reasons to convince Government, private sector investors and other stake holders that the project should go ahead.  What percentage of the original budget is £7 billion ?If the project had been carried out by British Rail normal commercial and contracting disciplines would not have applied and, like many MoD projects,  I am sure that the cost overruns would have been much greater.I don't know why the trains can only run at 125 mph. Do you ?A Eurostar train set a new British speed record of 334.7 km/h (208.0 mph) on 30 July 2003. It is a pity that other hifgh speed trains in the UK cannot reach similar speeds but possibly it has something to do with the type of track, the type of train or the signalling systems.

David Giles ● 5432d

Colin,I have been involved in a number of multiple-billion projects in my time and I have an understanding how budgets develop and grow. The West Coast Mainline Budget grew in a way with which I am familiar.The initial Railtrack budget way back in 1996 was indeed two billion pounds. However this budget was an an preliminary budget only and such budgets often understate the costs for political and commercial reasons in order to convince management,partners, bankers, governments and investors to support the project. Such budgets are notoriously unreliable and often leave out major cost items or to take into account factors such as inflation, escalating costs of land, labour, materials and equipment and competition from other similar projects for resources.It is also fair to say that nobody either in British Rail or Railtrack had experience of estimating the cost of such a major project. The two billion pound budget was obviously very  inaccurate as such preliminary budgets frequently are.Once the  preliminary budget  was approved, the project team spent several years working on detailed designs, studies and estimates. This is normal on such big projects. More accurate information makes a more accurate budget possible.  By the time Network Rail took the project about 2001, the budget was between eight and ten billion pounds. I have no idea of the final cost of the project but I doubt very much if it cost seven billion more than the detailed budget. The West Coast Main Line Project was a success.If British Rail had not been privatised, the West Coast Main Line project may never have been completed.If British Rail had managed the project, would it have come in under budget and to schedule ? I doubt it.Anyway, how about the euro ?The crisis gets worse everyday.

David Giles ● 5431d